This account deals with the present yield and its composition, potential resources both qualitative and quantitative from the inshore and offshore grounds as well as oceanic areas, in relation to the productivity of the Indian Ocean as evidenced by organic production, plankton biomass and chlorophyll distribution. The paper also includes notes on the different aspects of problem-oriented research and stresses the need for extending our fishing horizon in order to place the Indian fisheries on a firm footing vis-a-vis that of countries exploiting the Indian Ocean resources.