Studies of the Pycnogonida of the Indian Ocean available in the collections of the Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta have been made. These Studies revealed the existence of 23 species belonging to 13 genera and 6 families. In this paper, the systematic, ecology and distribution of the 23 species are dealt with. The distribution pattern of all the valid species recorded from the Indian Ocean are also presented based on the earlier records as well as the present study. An attempt has been made to explain the distribution taking into consideration the prevailing oceanic currents and bottom topography.