Coastal resources need to be maintained in order to support livelihoods and well-being of coastal resource-dependent communities, as well as to provide a balanced set of ecosystem goods and services. However, development projects, including infrastructure projects such as ports, modern settlements, resorts and tourist destinations, have been implemented at an alarming rate along the coastal areas of Cambodia in recent decades. In addition to these development projects, coastal areas have been exposed to sand extraction and related activities, all resulting in the coastal environment facing negative consequences. In order to identify, measure and analyze the above issues, a causal framework “DPSIR” model developed by European Environmental Agency (EEA) has been used. This model has five key elements namely, Driving Forces, Pressures, State (environmental change), Impacts and Responses . Based on household surveys and focus group discussions, the following observations have been made: environmental problems are a consequence of two key driving forces of sand extraction and use activities, and infrastructure developments taking place within Kampot port and the development projects in the Special Economic Zone (KSEZ). The coastal resources face varying levels of degradation; in addition to decreasing biodiversity, there have also been significant changes in other ecosystem elements and changes in environmental qualities. Social problems such as changes in traditional occupations, outward migration, conflicts and mental stress have also occurred. As a result of alteration of mangrove forests, the livelihoods of communities are also affected. In order to resolve these problems local authorities andfishing communities have responded with demonstrations, conflict mediation, mangrove replantation, and job alternatives but with limited success thus far. 

Boeng Tuk Commune, Kampot Province, coastal ecosystem, DPSIR model.